Osteoporosis is a metabolic rheumatic disease, which can also be characterized as a systemic disease of the skeletal systemcharacterized not only by reduced bone mineral density (BMD), but also by bone strength and changes in bone microarchitecture. The word osteoporosis means spongy (porous) bone Osteoporosis is divided into localized and generalized. Localized usually occurs due to long-term immobilization, and may be present in joints affected by rheumatoid arthritis and in tumors. Generalized osteoporosis is divided into two groups; primary and secondary. The causes and mechanisms of osteoporosis vary according to different forms of osteoporosis. However, some important features of the process of bone loss, bone mineral disturbance and increase in bone fragility are common, and can be recognized by enhanced osteoclast activity that overstates osteoblast activity causing increased bone loss. As with most diseases, osteoporosis has many risk factors. The most important risk factors are those associated with low bone mass such as: female gender, white or yellow race, premature menopause, primary or secondary amenorrhea, or hypogonadism in men, and long-term immobilization, low calcium intake and low vitamin D levels. Vitamin D plays a key role in maintaining bone health, as it is essential for sufficient calcium absorption in the intestines. Its deficiency leads to insufficient absorption of calcium and increased secretion of PTH, i.e. secondary hyperparathyroidism, which causes the mobilization of calcium from the bones and a decrease in bone mineral density.