Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women. There are a number of risk factors that can be associated with the onset of the disease such as gender, age, hormones, family history, and gene mutations and unhealthy lifestyles, which can increase the chance of developing breast cancer. Symptoms of breast cancer include nipple pain, nipple discharge, retracted nipple, redness, breast tenderness, skin changes, and changes in breast shape. Detection of cancer at an early stage of development contributes to a long-term reduction in breast cancer mortality rates. Diagnosis is made on the basis of physical examination, radiological examination, cytological puncture and biopsy, and laboratory tests. Treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach and it includes surgical treatment, radiation therapy and systemic treatment. A mastectomy is a surgical procedure that involves removing all or part of the breast. Physiotherapy is an indispensable part of rehabilitation after mastectomy in women who have overcome breast cancer. It has a very important role and should include physical and mental rehabilitation. After a mastectomy, a complication called lymphedema can occur. Conservative approaches to the treatment of lymphedema include manual lymphatic drainage, therapeutic exercises, compression bandaging, skin care, intermittent pneumatic compression, limb elevation, heat therapy, and complete decongestant physiotherapy. Education as an integral part of complete decongestive therapy after mastectomy is very important. Education should include information and clear instructions on the implementation of all procedures of complete decongestant physiotherapy and their importance, prevention of infection with proper skin care, self-bandaging, proper selection of orthopedic aids and the importance of going for regular check-ups.