Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is the main representative and sort of prototype of group of inflammatory rheumatic diseases which are called spondyloarthropaties or spondyloarthritidesis (SpA). In AS, 90 – 95 % of patients is positive to HLA-B27 antigen. In most cases, disease begins in second and third decade of life and it is more frequent in men than women. Continuous progression of the disease also leads to significant functional defects, both in the spine and in the peripheral joints. It has been proven that formal physical therapy in patients with ankylosing spondylitis under the supervision of a physiotherapist results in reduction of pain and tenderness and improves posture, mobility, function and quality of life. The most effective functional models used in the treatment and rehabilitation of ankylosing spondylitis are based on kinesitherapy – treatment by movement. Rehabilitation includes a number of other physical therapy procedures, which have a symptomatic effect, and significantly complement the usefulness of medical gymnastics (ultrasound, cryotherapy, electrotherapy, laser, balneotherapy), primarily by increasing the locomotor status function capacity. Particular attention should also be paid to the education and motivation of patients to take an active role in the proper conduct of activities of daily living (ADL) and regular exercise.