Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic inflammatory rheumatic disease that not only affects the joints, but also the internal organs, skin, sensory system and nervous system. In addition, it significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The most commonly affected joints in rheumatoid arthritis are the joints of the hands. This disease often results in the progressive development of deformation and loss of functionality of the hands and wrists, which is accompanied by pain and significant challenges in everyday life. It also causes a number of difficulties related to social interaction and participation in the community. This paper shows the case report that investigates the application of physiotherapy procedures in the treatment of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. A 46-year-old patient which was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, which caused pain, swelling, impaired joint mobility and reduced quality of life. During the long treatment of exercise program, the patient gradually experienced an improvement in the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. The pain decreased and the range of motion of the joints increased. It is very important to highlight the importance of properly performing exercises at home in order to maintain the functionality of the joints. This case highlights the key role of physiotherapy exercises, giving patients hope for improving quality of life and reducing symptoms of this autoimmune disease.