Introduction: Back pain occurs less frequently in runners than in other athletes. The aim of this paper is to show how often pain occurs and in which type of athlete, professional and recreational athletes, as well as men and women, were compared. Methods: The research was conducted from May 18 to June 1, 2023, using a questionnaire intended for runners, on a sample of 105 respondents. Results: Using the Fisher's exact test, a positive correlation was calculated when comparing professional and recreational runners by frequency of pain. The chi-square test showed that there is no statistically significant difference when comparing pain between professional and recreational runners according to the time of running. Likewise, the Chi-square test showed that there is no statistically significant difference between men and women in the frequency of back pain during running and during other sports activities, while significantly more men and significantly fewer women do not have pain during everyday activities. No statistically significant difference was found between body mass index and pain on the numerical scale. Discussion: According to the data, there is a significant difference between professional and recreational runners only in the frequency of pain. There is no significant difference when we compare them in terms of the length of time spent running, as well as the comparison by gender. There is no association between body mass index and pain on a numerical scale. Conclusion: It is necessary to conduct further research in order to determine under what circumstances pain occurs more often in professional runners than in recreational runners.