The main objective of this disertetion is to explain the occurrence and treatment of one of the most common syndrome today that interfere with daily functioning. This study points to the risk factors, clinical presentation as well as forms of treatment of acute low back pain syndrome. Lumbar pain syndrome is one of the most common syndromes and the cost of treatment for the patients is high. Lumbar syndrome is not only a physical problem, but also psychosocial factors should be taken into consideration. Lumbar painful syndrome causes are varied and numerous. The main symptom that occurs in the clinical picture is pain. Pain leads to sleep disorders, low mood and anxiety. The diagnostic procedure is a critical place for anamnesis and clinical examination. With education, patients with acute lumbar syndrome are the most important advice (especially to stay active), the use of drugs (primarily for pain control), and possibly spinal manipulation and short term orthosis. The main goal of treatment is to reduce or completely eliminate pain and restore function. Therapy is adapted to the course of the disease. From physiotherapeutic procedures in the treatment of acute lumbar syndrome, the emphasis is on medical exercises. They are the basis for conservative treatment of lumbar pain syndrome. Exercises used in the treatment include flexiform exercise, extensional exercise exercises, conditioning exercises and stretching exercises. Electrotherapy, ultrasound and magnetotherapy are used with medical physiotherapy exercises.