The study of demography represents a multidisciplinary approach focusing on population analysis and is crucial for understanding socio-economic changes in every country. Demographic factors such as birth rate, mortality rate, migration, and the population structure by age and gender play a significant role in shaping the demographic landscape. These factors are closely intertwined with economic indicators such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), unemployment rate, and inflation, making their analysis inseparable. The economic development of every country relies on its population, which forms the foundation of economic growth and prosperity. Any change in the demographic structure of the population influences economic development, while the economic growth of the country affects demographic trends. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the impact of demographic factors on the economy of the Republic of Croatia and explore the demographic policies implemented by the state to improve the demographic profile of the country. Through the analysis of demographic and economic indicators, and a theoretical approach to key demographic concepts, the research explores how various policies and measures can contribute to revitalizing the demographic profile.