| Abstract | Krajem 18. stoljeća u europskim se zemljama počinju oblikovati racionalni oblici sudbenog ustroja i sudskih postupaka koji postaju temelji suvremenih država. Propast apsolutizma u Austro-Ugarskom Carstvu otvorila je mogućnost tadašnjoj Hrvatskoj ostvarenjem autonomije i samostalnosti sudbene vlasti te za smanjenjem bečke prevlasti. Godine 1862. hrvatski pravosudni sustav je postao potpuno samostalan osnivanjem prvog vrhovnog suda pod nazivom Kraljevski Stol sedmorice za Hrvatsku, Slavoniju i Dalmaciju, koji je osnovan kraljevskom odlukom od 9. travnja. Osamostaljenjem Republike Hrvatske 1990. godine kao najviši sud u državi ustrojava se Vrhovni sud Republike Hrvatske sa sjedištem u Zagrebu. Ustavom Republike Hrvatske sudbena vlast je povjerena redovitim i specijaliziranim sudovima koji su u svome radu samostalni i neovisni (čl. 114). Vrhovni sud je pozicioniran kao najviši sud u Republici Hrvatskoj koji u odnosu na druge redovite i specijalizirane sudove unutar hrvatskog pravosuđa za osnovnu zadaću ima osiguranje jedinstvene primjene prava. Sukladno odredbi čl. 116. Ustava, ustanovljavanje, djelokrug, sastav i ustrojstvo sudova te postupak pred sudovima uređuje se zakonom. Glavni pravni izvor za nositelje sudbene vlasti u Hrvatskoj je Zakon o sudovima, koji je od posebnog značaja za Vrhovni sud, budući da su u njemu sadržane posebne odredbe o unutarnjem ustrojstvu Vrhovnog suda. Detaljniji prikaz unutarnjeg ustrojstva Vrhovnog suda propisan je Poslovnikom o radu Vrhovnog suda i Pravilnikom o unutarnjem redu Vrhovnog suda. Ustavnom odredbom Vrhovni sud osigurava jedinstvenu primjenu prava i ravnopravnost svih u njegovoj primjeni (čl. 116). S druge strane, Zakon o sudovima svojom odredbom iz čl. 20. proširuje ovu ustavnu odredbu i određuje osnovnu ulogu Vrhovnog suda Republike Hrvatske prema kojoj je Vrhovni sud osim za osiguranje jedinstvene primjene prava nadležan i za odlučivanje o redovitim i izvanrednim pravnim lijekovima, rješavanje sukoba interesa među sudovima te razmatranje aktualnih pitanja iz sudske praske radi poboljšanja učinkovitosti pravosuđa u cjelini. |
| Abstract (english) | At the end of the 18th century, in European countries, rational forms of judicial organization and judicial procedures began to take shape, which became the foundations of modern states. The collapse of absolutism in the Austro-Hungarian Empire opened up the possibility for Croatia at that time to realize the autonomy and independence of the judicial power and to reduce Viennese supremacy. In 1862, the Croatian judicial system became completely independent with the establishment of the first supreme court called the Royal Bench of the Seven for Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia, which was established by a royal decree of April 9. With the independence of the Republic of Croatia in 1990, the Supreme Court was established as the highest court in the country, with headquarters in Zagreb. The Constitution of the Republic of Croatia entrust judicial power to regular and specialized courts, which are autonomous and independent in their work (Article 114). The Supreme Court is positioned as the highest court in the Republic of Croatia, which, in relation to other regular and specialized courts within the Croatian judiciary, has the basic task of ensuring the uniform application of law. Pursuant to the provisions of Art. 116 of the Constitution, the establishment, scope, composition and organization of courts and the procedure before courts are regulated by law. The main legal source for holders of judicial authority in Croatia is the Law on Courts, which is of particular importance for the Supreme Court, since it contains special provisions on the internal organization of the Supreme Court. A more detailed description of the internal organization of the Supreme Court is prescribed by the Rules of Procedure of the Supreme Court and the Rules of Procedure of the Supreme Court. By constitutional provision, the Supreme Court ensures the uniform application of law and the equality of all in its application (Art. 116). On the other hand, the Law on Courts with its provision from Art. 20. expands this constitutional provision and determines the basic role of the Supreme Court according to which, in addition to ensuring the uniform application of law, the Supreme Court is also competent for deciding on regular and extraordinary legal remedies, resolving conflicts of interest between courts, and considering current issues from the judicial branch in order to improve efficiency of the judiciary as a whole. |
