A large increase in the elderly population results in a large number of neurological diseases. They cause various brain damage, which affects a person's full functioning. The most common neurological diseases are stroke, polyneuropathies and multiple sclerosis, as well as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, which lead to a disorder of the sensory system. Their occurrence in diseases varies. It can affect the touch, hearing, sight, taste and smell systems, as well as the vestibular and proprioceptive systems. The sensory system is largely connected to the proprioceptive system, so any damage will affect a person's ability to move. In therapy, in addition to classic physiotherapy interventions, neuroplasticity of the brain plays an important role, which provides the patient with brain reorganization by repeating familiar actions. Outbreaks of sensory functions are common in neurological diseases. After a stroke, they manifest themselves in "Pusher" syndrome, neglect and neuropathic pain. In multiple sclerosis, visual field, tactile disturbances and thermoreceptors are the most common. In addition to the two most common diseases of the neurological system, sensory disturbances can occur in paraparesis and peripheral polyneuropathies. Each dysfunction of the sensory system in neurological diseases is accompanied by physiotherapy interventions to eliminate sensory disorders. All physiotherapy interventions are closely related to maintaining balance and gait, and the main goal of rehabilitation is to eliminate sensory difficulties in order to improve balance and gait.