Affective disorders or mood disorders are the most prevalent group of psychological disorders. One of them is bipolar affective disorder, in which episodes of depression and mania or hypomania alternate. Symptoms of depression are feelings of helplessness, hopelessness, loss of interest in activities, passivity... Symptoms of mania are accelerated mood, thinking and motor skills, impulsiveness. The origin of mood disorders is unknown and is a combination of several different factors that can be biological (biological/biochemical theories, neuroendocrinological theories, genetic predisposition), caused by trauma, stress, the individual's social environment. The diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder is one of the most complex in psychiatry. Before making the diagnosis, it is important to take into account other conditions and diseases that the patient has, as well as medications and other factors that have an impact on the appearance of a depressed mood. Treatment of bipolar affective disorder is most successful if pharmacological therapy is combined with psychotherapy. The main pharmacological therapy is mood stabilizers, of which lithium is used the most. The following forms of psychotherapy are suitable: interpersonal therapy, cognitive therapy, behavioral therapy, and family therapy. Physiotherapy plays a significant role in the treatment of individuals suffering from mental illnesses as it contributes to the physical and mental wellbeing of the patient and helps alleviate or reduce impaired mobility, slowness, stiffness, and contractions caused by medication side effects.