| Abstract | Zamjena zgloba kuka umjetnim zglobom danas je rutinski zahvat koji se smatra jednim od najvećih dostignuća ortopedske kirurgije. Incidencija prijeloma zgloba kuka je u stalnom porastu. Stariji ljudi imaju veći rizik za prijelom kuka jer kosti s godinama slabe a pogoduje im i osteoporoza. Uzimanje raznih lijekova, problemi slabog vida i poremećaj ravnoteže i koordinacije povećavaju vjerojatnost pada kod starijih osoba. Kod mladih i zdravih osoba prijelomi nastaju najčešće djelovanjem velike sile primjerice kod prometnih nesreća i padova. Prijelome bedrene kosti dijelimo na prijelome proksimalne, srednje i distalne trećine. Prijelomi proksimalne trećine bedrene kosti dijele se na prijelome glave i vrata bedrene kosti, pertrohanterni prijelomi, intertrohanterni prijelomi i subtrohanterni prijelomi bedrene kosti. Rehabilitacija pacijenta nakon ugradnje endoproteze zgloba kuka obuhvaća preoperativnu i postoperativnu pripremu. U preoperativnoj pripremi fizioterapeut educira pacijenta kako pravilno izvoditi vježbe, kako se koristiti pomagalima za hod, o prevenciji padova, mjerama opreza i pokretima koje nakon operacije pacijent ne smije izvoditi kako ne bi došlo do dislokacije u zglobu. U postoperativnoj pripremi fizioterapeut educira pacijenta o pravilnom sjedenju, ustajanju, o položaju u krevetu za vrijeme spavanja, pravilnom odijevanju, uporabi toaleta, kupanje u kadi i ostalim svakodnevnim aktivnostima. Glavnu ulogu u rehabilitacijskom procesu nosi sam pacijent koji mora svakodnevno provoditi naučene vježbe za zglob kuka te se pridržavati mjera opreza danih od strane liječnika i fizioterapeuta. |
| Abstract (english) | The substitution of the hip joint with an artificial one is presently a routine surgery which is considered to be one of the greatest achievements in orthopaedical surgery. The incidence of hip fracture is permanently on the rise. Elderly people are at higher risk of hip fracture for with age bones get weaker and tend to suffer from osteoporosis. Taking various medications, weak eyesight issues and balance and coordination disorders increase the probability of falling with elderly people. Fractures with young and healthy people are usually caused by higher forces as, for example, traffic accidents and falls. We divide the thigh bone fracture into thirds: proximal, middle and distal. The proximal third fractures are divided into head and neck femur fractures and pertrochanteric, intertochanteric and subtrochanteric femur fractures. Following the installations of a hip joint endoprosthesis, rehabilitation covers preoperative and post-operative preparation. In the preoperative preparation, the physiotherapist trains the patient on how to perform exercises properly, how to use walking aids, prevent falls, follow measures of precautions, and movements that are not to be performed by the patient following surgery in order to prevent joint dislocation. In the postoperative preparation, the physiotherapist also trains the patient on how to sit and rise properly, his position in bed while sleeping, dressing properly, using the toilet, bathing in the bathtub and other daily activities. The main role in the rehabilitation process is held by the patient himself who must perform daily the learned hip joint exercises and follow measures of precaution given by the physician and the physiotherapist. |
