| Abstract | Ovaj završni rad bavi se Zakonom o osobnoj iskaznici i njegovom primjenom u praksi u Republici Hrvatskoj. Rad započinje pregledom povijesnog razvoja osobne iskaznice, uključujući zakonodavni okvir kroz povijest i značajne promjene i reforme od osamostaljenja Hrvatske do danas. Posebna pažnja posvećena je razdobljima od 1991. do 2000. godine, kada su započele prve reforme, zatim od 2000. do 2010. godine, koje su obilježene modernizacijom i digitalizacijom, te od 2010. godine do danas, kada su se zakonodavni okviri usklađivali s EU standardima i uvedene su napredne sigurnosne mjere. Dalje, rad detaljno analizira Zakon o osobnoj iskaznici, njegov pravni temelj, sadržaj, definiciju i svrhu osobne iskaznice, prava na izdavanje, obveze državljana i nadležnih tijela, specifikacije i izgled iskaznice, postupak izdavanja i obnove te zaštitu osobnih podataka. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na elektroničku osobnu iskaznicu (eOI), njezinu ulogu u digitalnoj identifikaciji i korištenje u svakodnevnom životu. Praktična primjena Zakona istražena je kroz procedure izdavanja osobne iskaznice, uključujući podnošenje zahtjeva, potrebne dokumente te rokove i troškove izdavanja. Razmatrani su problemi i izazovi u primjeni zakona, uključujući praktične probleme u izdavanju, sigurnosne aspekte i zaštitu privatnosti. Zaključak rada sintetizira ključne nalaze, naglašavajući važnost zakona o osobnoj iskaznici u modernizaciji javne uprave i digitalizaciji usluga za građane, ali i potrebu za kontinuiranim prilagođavanjem zakonodavnog okvira i tehnološke infrastrukture kako bi se odgovorilo na izazove zaštite podataka i sigurnosti u digitalnom dobu. |
| Abstract (english) | This thesis focuses on the Personal Identification Card Act and its application in practice in the Republic of Croatia. The paper begins with an overview of the historical development of the personal identification card, including the legislative framework throughout history and significant changes and reforms from Croatia's independence to the present day. Special attention is given to the periods from 1991 to 2000, when the first reforms began, followed by the period 2000 to 2010, marked by modernization and digitalization, and from 2010 to onwards, when the legislative framework was aligned with EU standards and advanced security measures were introduced. Furthermore, the thesis provides a detailed analysis of the Personal Identification Card Act, its legal basis, content, definition, and purpose of the personal identification card, the right to issuance, obligations of citizens and competent authorities, specifications and appearance of the card, the process of issuance and renewal, and the protection of personal data. Special emphasis is placed on the electronic personal identification card (eID), its role in digital identification, and its use in everyday life. The practical application of the Act is explored through the procedures for issuing the personal identification card, including the submission of applications, required documents, and the timelines and costs of issuance. The paper considers the problems and challenges in the application of the law, including practical issues in the issuance, security aspects, and privacy protection. Through a comparative analysis, the paper compares the Croatian legislative framework and practice with those in other European Union countries, highlighting similarities and differences and identifying areas for further improvement. The conclusion synthesizes the key findings, emphasizing the importance of the Personal Identification Card Act in the modernization of public administration and the digitalization of services for citizens, as well as the need for continuous adaptation of the legislative framework and technological infrastructure to address the challenges of data protection and security in the digital age. |
