Osteoporosis is one of the most common metabolic diseases which mostly affects the elderly. It affects women more often than men and bone loss increases substantially after menopause. A bone fracture is the main consequence of osteoporosis. At the time of growth and skeletal development up to the age of 30, hereditary factors, physical activity, and in particular the amount of calcium in the diet are crucial for achieving peak bone mass. Risk factors include: low bone mineral density, gender, age, heritage, race, hormonal status, nutrition, medications, body weight and height, physical activity, smoking, alcohol and caffeine. Calcium and vitamin D intake slows down the reduction of bone mass that occurs with age. The main source of calcium in food are milk and dairy products. Vitamin D plays a vital role in maintaining the optimal concentration of calcium in blood, because it increases calcium absorption in small intestine. An inadequate amount of vitamin D in the body is in correlation with decline in the concentration of calcium in the blood. The main source of vitamin D for the human body is the sun. Healthy and balanced nutrition with an adequate intake of calcium, vitamin D and other nutrients that are necessary for normal functioning of the human body are essential for strong and healthy bones.