Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common compressive neuropathy in the human body, which is expressed by a deficit in the median nerve innervation area, with prevalence of 50 to 150 cases per 100.000 inhabitants. The carpal canal, or canalis carpi, is bone-connective isthmus situated on the palmaric side of the root of the hand. The risk of carpal canal syndrome has increased in occupations involving high pressure, high power, recurring movement and vibrating tools. Symptoms depend on nerve compression duration and intensity. Sensibility disorders are the first and one of the most persistent symptoms, while motoric disorders arise in patients with prolonged nerve compression. Once all the necessary patient information is collected, diagnostic procedures can be started. Certain provocation tests are carried out such as: Tinel's, Phalen's, Bilić's and Tourniquet's tests, and other tests and measurements. In setting up a precise diagnosis, electroneurophysiological diagnostics is very important, and as additional diagnostics means can be performed by ultrasound and magnetic resonance of the carpal tunnel. Physiotherapeutic procedures that in most cases are carried out consist of therapeutic exercises, hand wrist immobilization by splints, which are mostly carried at night, ultrasound, laser and manual techniques, ergonomic assessment and adaptation of the workplace. The method of choice for persistent and progressive forms of carpal tunnel syndrome, as well for those who don't respond to the conservative treatment, is surgery.