The increase of economic growth at the national and international level significantly contributes the traffic. Traffic, as such as it is, can be divided into several criteria, but for the purpose of this paper, the base is on the internal waterways. With traffic, the subject matter is related to sustainable development, pollution and environmental protection. With legislative acts and regulations are expected to significantly increase safe and sustainable navigation, with as less as it is possible negative environmental impacts. The aim of this paper is to analyze and explain the ecological aspects associated with inland waterways transport. In addition to the definitions of traffic, inland waterways and inland navigation, sustainable development and environmental protection, legal regulations are also of extremely importance for future improvement.