There are three types of muscles in the human body: skeletal striated muscle, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. The aim of this thesis is to present the different types of muscles in the human body, and their main features and mechanisms of work that have been elucidated so far. The detailed descriptions of different types of muscles show their similarities and differences, as well as the main roles they play in the human body. The structure of muscle cells is described, the structure of basic contractile units and mechanisms of contraction in different types of muscles, as well as energy sources in operation. Different types of muscles have different energy needs, as well as different strength of contraction. All the peculiarities and differences of individual muscle types, as well as the subtypes within each muscle type are described in this thesis. Innervation of different types of muscles is also described, starting with skeletal muscle movement by human will, through smooth muscle innervation by different regulatory signals, all the way to cardiac muscle and its contraction initiation. All the similarities and differences shown lead to the main conclusion that each muscle in the human body is maximally adapted to its function and its role in the body, and differs in some aspect from the rest of the muscles.