The research of the rights of national minorities within the European Union, where the mechanism of protection and methods of implementation is particularly emphasized, is the topic of this final thesis. National minorities significantly contribute to cultural, linguistic and religious diversity, and precisely because of this it is important to protect them from the discrimination to which they are often exposed in the past, and still today, through various mechanisms. Any form of discrimination significantly destroys the quality of life of national minorities and in this way fundamental human rights are violated, whether it is a member of a national minority or a person who is not a member of a minority. This is a problem faced by individual member states and creates the need to improve the rights of minorities. This problem has been recognized by many European and international organizations. The aim of the work is to analyze how the member states apply mechanisms for the protection of minority rights and to compare their application with European standards and policies. The results of the research show that despite the high standards of minority protection set by the European Union, individual member states deviate in this regard. It is necessary to harmonize their policy with the policy implemented by the European Union in order to solve the problems related to the issue of national minorities. This paper shows how the European Union influenced and contributed to the improvement of human rights and the rights of national minorities.