| Abstract | Nogomet je jedna od najpopularnijih sportskih igara na svijetu. Prema fiziološkoj klasifikaciji nogomet je aerobno-anaerobni sport gdje dominiraju miješani energetski procesi. Nogomet je kompleksna agonistička kineziološka aktivnost koja pripada grupi polistrukturalnih acikličkih gibanja, a obilježava je varijabilitet motoričkih radnji kojim se igra realizira i kojima igrači postižu osnovne ciljeve igre; postizanje pogotka i pobjedu. Jednu nogometnu ekipu čini jedanaest igrača, od kojih je jedan igrač na golu, a ostali igrači definiraju se kao obrambeni, vezni i igrači napadači, ovisno o aktivnosti i položaju na terenu na kojem igraju. Ovisno i o poziciji na terenu i na zadatke koje izvršavaju, igrači jedne nogometne ekipe mogu se podijeliti i na centralne, bočne, obrambene igrače i napadače. Iz ovakve podjele igrača na nogometnom terenu proizlaze i različiti zahtjevi igrača u tehničkim, taktičkim, morfološkim, funkcionalnim, motoričkim, psihološkim izvedbama. Dijagnostičkim postupcima je velika većina različitih nogometnih zahtjeva mjerljiva. Sportska dijagnostika je skup postupaka za mjerenje, procjenjivanje i vrednovanje treniranosti sportaša. Izabrani testovi i protokoli moraju imati točno definiranu proceduru testiranja i adekvatne metrijske karakteristike. Dijagnostika u nogometu predstavlja čitav niz postupaka kojima je cilj utvrditi individualne karakteristike nogometaša, pa tako procijeniti sportašev cjelokupan status, pritom najčešće se oslanjajući na kondicijski, zatim tehnički, a ponekad i situacijski nivo. Cilj je pronaći one parametre koji reflektiraju sposobnost nogometaša da postigne najbolji mogući rezultat. Kondicijski faktori koji se trebaju testirati u nogometu je: startna brzina, ubrzanje, brzinska izdržljivost, sposobnost sprinta u kratkim intervalima i aciklička aerobna i anaerobna izdržljivost. |
| Abstract (english) | Football is one of the most popular sports games in the world. In terms of a physiological classification, football is both an aerobic-anaerobic sport where mixed energetic processes dominate. Football is a complex agonistic kinesiology activity that belongs to a group of multi-structural acyclic movements, and it is characterised by a variability of motor actions to exercise the game and by which a player fulfils the basic objectives of the game: scoring a goal and winning. A football team is made up of eleven players of which one is a goalkeeper, and the others are defined as defenders, middle-fielders, and attackers dependant on the kind of activity and the position on the field. Depending on their position on the field as well as the tasks to perform, the players of a football team can be additionally divided into centre and wing-backs, middle-fielders and forwarders. On these grounds, there occur different requirements to be met by the players with a view to their technical, tactical, morphological, functional, motor as well as psychological performance. The football-related requirements can be measured diagnostically in large part. The sports diagnostics is a group of procedures designated to measure, estimate, and evaluate the fitness of sportsmen. The selected tests and protocols have to be based on a precisely defined testing procedure and adequate metric characteristics. A diagnostic assessment in football encompasses a whole range of the procedures aimed at determination of the football player’s individual characteristics; thus, estimation of the athlete’s overall status. It is often based on the physical fitness, technique, and sporadically, on the situational level. The aim is to find those parameters that best reflect the football player’s ability to achieve the best possible results. The physical fitness factors to be tested in football are as follows: start speed, acceleration, speed endurance, ability to sprint in short intervals, as well as acyclic aerobic-anaerobic endurance. |
