The purpose of this thesis is to describe the anatomy of the hip, osteoarthritis as a disease and the treatment of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease in adults and as such, has a great medical significance. OA affects all od the tissues that joint consists of: cartilage, bone, ligament, muscle, and synovial and joint cuff. It occurs most often as a result of mechanical and biological factors. The main symptoms of osteoarthritis are: pain, decreased mobility of the joints, weakness of the surrounding muscles and impaired joint function. All the symptoms together cause disability, which means that a person suffering from osteoarthritis can’t, independently, perform some of the activities needed for further life. There is no medical cure for OA but further development of illness can be prevented. Complete therapy and rehabilitation has the purpose of reducing pain, restoring the function of the joint and preventing further development of the disease. Treatment can be pharmacological, non-pharmacological (education, physical exercise and physical therapy) and surgical. Pharmacological treatment is based on reducing pain by taking analgesics, along with many other medications that affect the joint and tendons themselves. A nonpharmacological approach is based on the theory that physical activity helps in the recovery of the joint and that with the proper training, progression of the disease can be significantly slowed down. If other methods hinder, there is a surgical treatment. It means that the ailments are approached by surgical side with joint toilets (arthroscopy). With further progression of the disease, it is also possible to do the total joint replacement with endoprosthesis as the last line of defense. OA treatment is usually performed through physical therapy and physiotherapy procedures. Physiotherapy procedures can be active and passive. The active procedures include kinesitherapy, which uses movement for the treatment purposes, while passive procedures include methods for reducing pain (analgesia). Goals of an active procedure are increased muscle strength, range of movement, endurance, and restoration of joint function. Kinesitherapy as an active procedure has a positive effect on the function of the joint, reduction of pain and progression of the disease. Most commonly used passive procedures are cryotherapy, paraffin, TENS, IFS, DDS, ultrasound, magnetotherapy and balneotherapy. Throughout the entire rehabilitation process, a person is guided by competent family physician. The main therapeutic recommendation for treating OA is kinesitherapy and physical activity.