Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by loss of bone mass and disrupted bone microarchitecture, which results in increased bone fragility and an increased risk of fractures. Osteoporosis in the world affects every third woman and every fifth man over the age of 50. The biggest consequence of osteoporosis is a fracture that most often occurs on the neck of the femur, distal forearm and spine. There are very many risk factors when it comes to osteoporosis, and they can be divided into hereditary factors, factors that we can influence and factors that we cannot influence. Osteoporosis is divided into primary and secondary. Densitometry is a test used to diagnose osteoporosis and use it to measure bone mineral density. The treatment of osteoporosis is divided into non-pharmacological and pharmacological. Pharmacological treatment includes antiresorptive and osteoanabolic drugs. Non-pharmacological treatment includes physical therapy, the most important of which is kinesitherapy, rehabilitation medicine, adequate nutrition rich in calcium and vitamins and prevention of falls. The goals of physical therapy are to reduce pain, strengthen muscles, reduce body weight, improve coordination and improve general physical condition. The FRAX questionnaire, vitamin D, Tai Chi, yoga and education play a very important role in the prevention of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a growing public health problem, which is why education has the most important role in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.